| General information |
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Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) |
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| Common name | Silver carp, Belli-gende |
| Synonyms |
Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes, 1844 Leuciscus hypophthalmus Richardson, 1845 Cephalus mantschuricus Basilewsky, 1855 Onychodon mantschuricus (Basilewsky, 1855) Abramocephalus microlepis Steindachner, 1869 Hypophthalmichthys dabri Bleeker, 1878 Hypophthalmichthys dybowskii Herzenstein, 1888 |
| IUCN Red List status (2014) |
Near Threatened (NT) |
| Habitat |
Freshwater |
| Systematics |
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae. |
| Geographical distribution |
India; China; Japan; Indonesia; Bangladesh; Malaysia; Sri Lanka; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Taiwan; South Korea; Vietnam; Saudi Arabia; Israel; Iraq; Iran; Egypt; Myanmar; Jordan; Lebanon; Hong Kong; Laos; Cambodia; Bhutan; Nepal; Mongolia; Afghanistan; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Turkey; Russia; New Zealand; South Africa; Madagascar; Algeria; Morocco; Mozambique; UK; Germany; France; Italy; Greece; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Romania; Sweden; Belgium; Netherlands; USA; Mexico; Brazil; Argentina; Peru; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Dominican Republic; Honduras; Fiji; Albania; Austria; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Estonia; Hungary; Latvia; Moldova; Poland; Serbia; Slovakia; Switzerland; Ethiopia; Malawi; Mauritius; Rwanda |
| Occurrence |
introduced: India; native: China; introduced: Japan; not established: Indonesia; introduced: Bangladesh; not established: Malaysia; not established: Sri Lanka; introduced: Pakistan; introduced: Philippines; not established: Singapore; introduced: Thailand; not established: Taiwan; introduced: South Korea; introduced: Vietnam; introduced: Saudi Arabia; not established: Israel; introduced: Iraq; not established: Iran; not established: Egypt; introduced: Myanmar; not established: Jordan; introduced: Lebanon; native: Hong Kong; not established: Laos; introduced: Cambodia; introduced: Bhutan; introduced: Nepal; introduced: Mongolia; introduced: Afghanistan; introduced: Kazakhstan; introduced: Turkmenistan; introduced: Uzbekistan; introduced: Turkey; native: Russia; introduced: New Zealand; introduced: South Africa; not established: Madagascar; introduced: Algeria; introduced: Morocco; not established: Mozambique; not established: UK; introduced: Germany; introduced: France; introduced: Italy; introduced: Greece; not established: Bulgaria; introduced: Ukraine; introduced: Romania; introduced: Sweden; introduced: Belgium; introduced: Netherlands; introduced: USA; introduced: Mexico; introduced: Brazil; introduced: Argentina; introduced: Peru; introduced: Panama; introduced: Cuba; introduced: Jamaica; introduced: Puerto Rico; introduced: Costa Rica; introduced: Dominican Republic; introduced: Honduras; introduced: Fiji; introduced: Albania; not established: Austria; introduced: Cyprus; introduced: Czech Republic; not established: Estonia; introduced: Hungary; introduced: Latvia; introduced: Moldova; introduced: Poland; introduced: Serbia; introduced: Slovakia; not established: Switzerland; introduced: Ethiopia; not established: Malawi; introduced: Mauritius; introduced: Rwanda |
| Importance |
Food/sports |
| Karyological information |
| Record 1 |
| Geographical area of study |
Kalyani, West Bengal, India |
| Source of chromosomes |
Kidney |
| Number of specimens with sex |
Not reported |
| Diploid chromosome number |
48 |
| Karyotype formula |
20m+12sm+6st+8t+2T |
| Fundamental arm number |
|
| Chromosome length |
Not reported |
| Sex chromosome |
Not detected |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
Nil |
| Reference |
Manna GK, Khuda Bukhsh AR (1977). Karyomorphology of Cyprinid fishes and Cytological Evaluation of the family. Nuclues, 20: 119-127. |
| Karyotype /Metaphase complement image |
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| Record 2 |
| Geographical area of study |
Poondi fresh water aquaculture station |
| Source of chromosomes |
Gill tissues. |
| Number of specimens with sex |
- |
| Diploid chromosome number |
48 |
| Karyotype formula |
22m+22sm+4t/a |
| Fundamental arm number |
- |
| Chromosome length |
Chromosome lengths ranged from 3.5*10-3 to 7.0*10- |
| Sex chromosome |
- |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
Nucleolar organiser region was distinctly observed in first pair and heterochromatin region observed in all the pairs. |
| Reference |
Nandini S, Arockia Rita JJ, Sharmila G (2014). Karyomorphology of two major carps, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) Buchanan (Mrigal) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes (Silver Carp). The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 2(13): 19-25. |
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