| General information |
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Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) |
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| Common name | North African catfish |
| Synonyms |
Silurus gariepinus Burchell, 1822 Macropteronotus charmuth Lacepede, 1803 Clarias capensis Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias syriacus Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias mossambicus Peters, 1852 Clarias robecchii Vinciguerra, 1893 Clarias microphthalmus Pfeffer, 1896 Clarias guentheri Pfeffer, 1896 Clarias depressus Myers, 1925 Clarias notozygurus Lonnberg & Rendahl, 1922 Silurus gariepinus Burchell, 1822 Macropteronotus charmuth Lacepede, 1803 Clarias capensis Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias lazera Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias syriacus Valenciennes, 1840 Clarias mossambicus Peters, 1852 Clarias robecchii Vinciguerra, 1893 Clarias microphthalmus Pfeffer, 1896 Clarias guentheri Pfeffer, 1896 Clarias depressus Myers, 1925 Clarias notozygurus Lonnberg & Rendahl, 1922 |
| IUCN Red List status (2014) |
Least Concern (LC) |
| Habitat |
Freshwater |
| Systematics |
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Siluriformes; Clariidae. |
| Geographical distribution |
India; China; Indonesia; Bangladesh; Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam; Israel; Iraq; Egypt; Myanmar; Jordan; Syria; Laos; Cambodia; Nepal; Turkey; Russia; South Africa; Tanzania; Algeria; Angola; Libya; Somalia; Kenya; Nigeria; Namibia; Cameroon; Mozambique; Ghana; Mauritania; Sudan; Ivory Coast; Eritrea; Senegal; Guinea; France; Greece; Netherlands; Brazil; Argentina; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Slovakia; Benin; Botswana; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Central African Republic; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Republic of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Lesotho; Malawi; Mali; Niger; Rwanda; Swaziland; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe |
| Occurrence |
introduced: India; introduced: China; introduced: Indonesia; introduced: Bangladesh; introduced: Malaysia; introduced: Philippines; introduced: Singapore; introduced: Thailand; introduced: Vietnam; native: Israel; introduced: Iraq; native: Egypt; introduced: Myanmar; native: Jordan; native: Syria; introduced: Laos; introduced: Cambodia; introduced: Nepal; native: Turkey; not established: Russia; native: South Africa; native: Tanzania; native: Algeria; native: Angola; native: Libya; native: Somalia; native: Kenya; native: Nigeria; native: Namibia; native: Cameroon; native: Mozambique; native: Ghana; questionable: Mauritania; native: Sudan; introduced: Ivory Coast; native: Eritrea; native: Senegal; native: Guinea; not established: France; introduced: Greece; introduced: Netherlands; introduced: Brazil; introduced: Argentina; not established: Cyprus; introduced: Czech Republic; not established: Hungary; not established: Poland; introduced: Slovakia; native: Benin; native: Botswana; native: Burkina Faso; native: Burundi; native: Central African Republic; native: Chad; native: Democratic Republic of the Congo; native: Republic of the Congo; native: Ethiopia; introduced: Gabon; introduced: Lesotho; native: Malawi; native: Mali; native: Niger; native: Rwanda; native: Swaziland; native: Togo; native: Uganda; native: Zambia; native: Zimbabwe |
| Importance |
Food/sports |
| Karyological information |
| Record 1 |
| Geographical area of study |
Not reported |
| Source of chromosomes |
Kidney |
| Number of specimens with sex |
7 |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
20m+16sm+10st+10t |
| Fundamental arm number |
|
| Chromosome length |
Not reported |
| Sex chromosome |
Not detected |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
Nill |
| Reference |
Nagpure NS, Kushwaha B, Srivastava SK, Ponniah AG (2000). Karyomorphology of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (clariidae). Chromosome Science, 4: 43-44. |
| Karyotype /Metaphase complement image |
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| Record 2 |
| Geographical area of study |
Anambra river, Anambra State, Nigeria |
| Source of chromosomes |
Gill and Kidney |
| Number of specimens with sex |
Not reported |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
Male: 16m + 48sm + 48a; Female: 16m + 50sm + 46a |
| Fundamental arm number |
Male: 88, Female: 89 |
| Chromosome length |
Not reported |
| Sex chromosome |
Not detected |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
Nil |
| Reference |
Okonkwo JC and Obiakor MO (2010). Karyological and Chromosomal Study of Catfish (Clariidae, Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) from Anambra River, Anambra State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9 (2): 112-115. |
| Record 3 |
| Geographical area of study |
Fish Farm, Rawang, Selangor, Malaysia. |
| Source of chromosomes |
Gills tissues. |
| Number of specimens with sex |
7 |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
21m+14sm+5st+16a |
| Fundamental arm number |
96 |
| Chromosome length |
- |
| Sex chromosome |
- |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
- |
| Reference |
Siraj SS, Sukardi R, Imm CCP, Mei KH, Vellasamy S, Panandam JM, Daud SK (2009). Chromosome analysis of walking catfish, Clarias spp. Malays. Appl. Biol., 38(1): 61-64. |
| Record 4 |
| Geographical area of study |
Göksu Delta & Orontes River, Turkey. |
| Source of chromosomes |
- |
| Number of specimens with sex |
20 (10 from Orontes River, 10 from Göksu Delta). |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
24m+10sm+10st+12a (Orontes River), 28m+6sm+10st+12a (Goksu Delta). |
| Fundamental arm number |
100 |
| Chromosome length |
- |
| Sex chromosome |
- |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
Multiple NORs observed in terminal region on short arm of submetacentric pair 13, long arm of subtelocentric pair 22, on long arm of acrocentric pairs 27 and 28. C-band-positive regions distributed in centromeric positions. Chromosome pairs 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 23 showed larger C-band signals than other chromosomes. G-banding produced smaller blocks in pericentromeric and terminal regions of many chromosomes. |
| Reference |
Karahan A, Ergene S. (2011). Chromosomal differentiation between populations of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the Göksu Delta and Orontes River (Turkey). Turk J Biol., 35: 79-87. |
| Record 5 |
| Geographical area of study |
Anambra river, Nigeria. |
| Source of chromosomes |
Blood leucocytes culture. |
| Number of specimens with sex |
38 (20 male, 18 female). |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
8m+24sm+24a (male), 8m+25sm+23a (female). |
| Fundamental arm number |
88 (male), 89 (femal |
| Chromosome length |
- |
| Sex chromosome |
Female karyotypes exhibited a heteromorphic pair suspected to be sex chromosome complex. |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
- |
| Reference |
Eyo JE (2005). Cytogenetic variations in Clarias species (Clariidae: Surulifromis) of the Anambra river using leucocytes culture techniques. Animal Research International, 2(1): 275- 286. |
| Karyotype /Metaphase complement image |
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| Record 6 |
| Geographical area of study |
Fish culture stations from Israel, Ivory Coast & Central African Republic. |
| Source of chromosomes |
Anterior kidney. |
| Number of specimens with sex |
37 (19 male, 18 female) from Israel, Ivory Coast and Central African Republic. |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
8m+24sm+24a (male), 8m+25sm+23a (female). |
| Fundamental arm number |
88 (male), 89 (femal |
| Chromosome length |
- |
| Sex chromosome |
Female karyotypes exhibited a heteromorphic pair (large sm & small acro), may be ZZ-ZW sex system. |
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
NOR localized on single chromosome pair. No C-band positive chromosome found. |
| Reference |
Ozouf-Costaz C, Teugels GG, Legendre M. (1990). Karyological analysis of three strains of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), used in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 87: 271-277. |
| Record 7 |
| Geographical area of study |
River basins of Thailand |
| Source of chromosomes |
Anterior Kidney |
| Number of specimens with sex |
16 (8 males and 8 females) |
| Diploid chromosome number |
56 |
| Karyotype formula |
18 m+ 20 sm + 18 st/a |
| Fundamental arm number |
94 |
| Chromosome length |
|
| Sex chromosome |
|
| Chromosome staining/banding/FISH |
The 18S rDNA signals were found to be localised on subtelomeric/telomeric region of one medium-sized sm chromosomal pair; the 5S rDNA signals were located in two small st/a chromosome pairs |
| Reference |
Maneechot N, Yano CF, Bertollo LAC, Getlekha N, Molina WF, Ditcharoen S, Tengjaroenkul B, Supiwong W, Tanomtong A, Cioffi MB (2016). Genomic organization of repetitive DNAs highlights chromosomal evolution in the genus Clarias (Clariidae, Siluriformes). Molecular Cytogenetics 9:4, DOI 10.1186/s13039-016-0215-2 |
| Cross Link |